What is an example of a non-target organism?

A non-target organism refers to any species that is not intended to be affected by a particular treatment, such as pest control measures or pesticide application. In the context provided, birds, bees, and groundwater serve as examples of non-target organisms. These entities can be unintentionally harmed or impacted by pesticides that are designed to control specific pests.

Birds and bees are vital for pollination and play crucial roles in ecosystem health. Groundwater is crucial for maintaining water supplies and ecological balance. The use of certain pesticides can affect these organisms through direct exposure or by contaminating their habitats, which underlines the importance of considering non-target effects when implementing pest management practices.

While aphids are considered target organisms since they are pests, and beneficial insects like ladybugs are also specifically targeted for their pest control capabilities, bacteria that promote plant growth are often seen as beneficial to the ecosystem. In contrast, the correct choice highlights organisms that may suffer unintended consequences from pesticide usage.